RESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved the progression of cancerous and non-cancerous disorders via different mechanism. FTX (five prime to xist) is an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA that is located upstream of XIST and regulates its expression. FTX participates in progression of various malignancy including gastric cancer, glioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and retinoblastoma. Also, FTX can be involved in the pathogenesis of non-cancerous disorders such as endometriosis and stroke. FTX acts as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and via sponging various miRNAs, including miR-186, miR-200a-3p, miR-215-3p, and miR-153-3p to regulate the expression of their downstream target. FTX by targeting various signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, SOX4, PDK1/PKB/GSK-3β, TGF-β1, FOXA2, and PPARγ regulate molecular mechanism involved in various disorders. Dysregulation of FTX is associated with an increased risk of various disorders. Therefore, FTX and its downstream targets may be suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of human malignancies. In this review, we summarized the emerging roles of FTX in human cancerous and non-cancerous cells (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not code for proteins. In tumorigenesis, lncRNAs can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties. X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a known lncRNA that has been implicated in X chromosome silencing in female cells. Dysregulation of XIST is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Therefore, XIST can be a beneficial prognostic biomarker for human malignancies. In this review, we attempt to summarize the emerging roles of XIST in human cancers (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Carcinogênese , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved the progression of cancerous and non-cancerous disorders via different mechanism. FTX (five prime to xist) is an evolutionarily conserved lncRNA that is located upstream of XIST and regulates its expression. FTX participates in progression of various malignancy including gastric cancer, glioma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and retinoblastoma. Also, FTX can be involved in the pathogenesis of non-cancerous disorders such as endometriosis and stroke. FTX acts as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and via sponging various miRNAs, including miR-186, miR-200a-3p, miR-215-3p, and miR-153-3p to regulate the expression of their downstream target. FTX by targeting various signaling pathways including Wnt/ß-catenin, PI3K/Akt, SOX4, PDK1/PKB/GSK-3ß, TGF-ß1, FOXA2, and PPARγ regulate molecular mechanism involved in various disorders. Dysregulation of FTX is associated with an increased risk of various disorders. Therefore, FTX and its downstream targets may be suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of human malignancies. In this review, we summarized the emerging roles of FTX in human cancerous and non-cancerous cells.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Feminino , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismoRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) present pivotal roles in cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Recently, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) as a lncRNA has been shown to mediate cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in tumor cells. NEAT1 by targeting several miRNAs/mRNA axes could regulate cancer cell behavior. Therefore, NEAT1 may function as a potent biomarker for the prediction and treatment of some human cancers. In this review, we summarized various NEAT1-related signaling pathways that are critical in cancer initiation and progression.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismoRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not code for proteins. In tumorigenesis, lncRNAs can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties. X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a known lncRNA that has been implicated in X chromosome silencing in female cells. Dysregulation of XIST is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Therefore, XIST can be a beneficial prognostic biomarker for human malignancies. In this review, we attempt to summarize the emerging roles of XIST in human cancers.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Feminino , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro , Neoplasias/genética , CarcinogêneseRESUMO
Leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of hematological cancers whose prevalence is on the rise worldwide. Despite the large body of studies, the etiology of leukemia has not been fully elucidated. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that sustain the growth of the leukemic clone and are the main culprit for the maintenance of the neoplasm. In contrast to most leukemia cells, LSCs are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Several recent studies demonstrated the altered expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LSCs and shed light on the role of lncRNAs in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of LSCs. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are implicated in several cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Likewise, lncRNAs have shown a prognostic marker in leukemia patients and represent novel treatment options. Herein, we review the current knowledge concerning lncRNAs implication in the pathogenesis of LSCs and discuss their prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia/etiologia , Leucemia/genética , Células-Tronco/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Diferenciação CelularRESUMO
Endothelial dysfunction is identified by a conversion of the endothelium toward decreased vasodilation and prothrombic features and is known as a primary pathogenic incident in cardiovascular diseases. An insight based on particular and promising biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction may possess vital clinical significances. Currently, non-coding RNAs due to their participation in critical cardiovascular processes like initiation and progression have gained much attention as possible diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Emerging line of proof has demonstrated that abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs is nearly correlated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we focus on the expression and functional effects of various kinds of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases and negotiate their possible clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and curative targets.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Doenças Vasculares , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismoRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play pivotal roles in every level of gene and genome regulation. MCM3AP-AS1 is a lncRNA that has an oncogenic role in several kinds of cancers. Aberrant expression of MCM3AP-AS1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse malignancies, including colorectal, cervical, prostate, lymphoma, lung, ovary, liver, bone, and breast cancers. It is generally believed that MCM3AP-AS1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting various signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) presents an important role in cancer pathogenesis. MCM3AP-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA has the ability to sponge miRNA, inhibit their expressions, and bind to different target mRNAs related to cancer development. Therefore, MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting several signaling pathways, including the FOX family, Wnt, EGF, and VEGF can be a potent target for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in various human cancers (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , Acetiltransferases/genética , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood tumor that can occur in the retina and develop in a sporadic or heritable form. Although various traditional treatment options have been used for patients with RB, identifying novel strategies for childhood cancers is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recently, molecular-based targeted therapies have opened a greater therapeutic window for RB. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) presented a potential role as a biomarker for the detection of RB in various stages. CONCLUSION: LncRNAs by targeting several miRNA/transcription factors play critical roles in the stimulation or suppression of RB. In this review, we summarized recent progress on the functions of tumor suppressors or oncogenes lncRNAs in RB.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias da Retina , Retinoblastoma , Humanos , Criança , Retinoblastoma/genética , Retinoblastoma/patologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Biomarcadores , Neoplasias da Retina/genética , Neoplasias da Retina/patologiaRESUMO
Gynecologic cancers are reproductive disorders characterized by pelvic pain and infertility. The identification of new predictive markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of gynecologic cancers is urgently necessary. One of the recent successes in gynecologic cancers research is identifying the role of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recent experiments showed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) can be novel therapeutic approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. LncRNA are transcribed RNA molecules that play pivotal roles in multiple biological processes by regulating the different steps of gene expression. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) is a well-known lncRNA that plays functional roles in gene expression, RNA processing, and epigenetic regulation. High expression of MALAT1 is closely related to numerous human diseases. It is generally believed that MALAT1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, autophagy, invasion, and metastasis. MALAT1 by targeting multiple signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) could contribute to the pathogenesis of gynecologic cancers. In this review, we will summarize functional roles of MALAT1 in the most common gynecologic cancers, including endometrium, breast, ovary, and cervix.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Feminino , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proliferação de Células/genéticaRESUMO
Leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of hematological cancers whose prevalence is on the rise worldwide. Despite the large body of studies, the etiology of leukemia has not been fully elucidated. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that sustain the growth of the leukemic clone and are the main culprit for the maintenance of the neoplasm. In contrast to most leukemia cells, LSCs are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Several recent studies demonstrated the altered expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LSCs and shed light on the role of lncRNAs in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of LSCs. LncRNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are implicated in several cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Likewise, lncRNAs have shown a prognostic marker in leukemia patients and represent novel treatment options. Herein, we review the current knowledge concerning lncRNAs' implication in the pathogenesis of LSCs and discuss their prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Diferenciação Celular , Células-TroncoRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play pivotal roles in every level of gene and genome regulation. MCM3AP-AS1 is a lncRNA that has an oncogenic role in several kinds of cancers. Aberrant expression of MCM3AP-AS1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse malignancies, including colorectal, cervical, prostate, lymphoma, lung, ovary, liver, bone, and breast cancers. It is generally believed that MCM3AP-AS1 expression is associated with cancer cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting various signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) presents an important role in cancer pathogenesis. MCM3AP-AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA has the ability to sponge miRNA, inhibit their expressions, and bind to different target mRNAs related to cancer development. Therefore, MCM3AP-AS1 by targeting several signaling pathways, including the FOX family, Wnt, EGF, and VEGF can be a potent target for cancer prediction and diagnosis. In this review, we will summarize the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in various human cancers.
